Docker Compose 多容器编排实战指南 前言Docker Compose 是定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用的工具。本文通过一个完整的 Web 应用示例，讲解 Compose 的核心用法和最佳实践。一、项目结构myapp/ ├── docker-compose.yml ├── nginx/ │ └── default.conf ├── php/ │ └── Dockerfile ├── src/ │ └── index.php └── mysql/ └── init.sql二、完整的 LNMP 编排version: "3.8" services: nginx: image: nginx:1.25-alpine ports: - "80:80" - "443:443" volumes: - ./src:/var/www/html - ./nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf depends_on: - php restart: unless-stopped networks: - app-network php: build: context: ./php dockerfile: Dockerfile volumes: - ./src:/var/www/html environment: - DB_HOST=mysql - DB_NAME=myapp - DB_USER=root - DB_PASS=secret networks: - app-network mysql: image: mysql:8.0 ports: - "3306:3306" volumes: - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql - ./mysql/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: secret MYSQL_DATABASE: myapp networks: - app-network redis: image: redis:7-alpine ports: - "6379:6379" volumes: - redis-data:/data networks: - app-network volumes: mysql-data: redis-data: networks: app-network: driver: bridge三、常用命令# 启动所有服务 docker-compose up -d # 查看运行状态 docker-compose ps # 查看日志 docker-compose logs -f nginx # 重新构建 docker-compose build --no-cache php # 停止并删除容器 docker-compose down # 停止并删除容器和数据卷 docker-compose down -v四、进阶技巧4.1 健康检查mysql: image: mysql:8.0 healthcheck: test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"] interval: 10s timeout: 5s retries: 3 start_period: 30s4.2 资源限制php: build: ./php deploy: resources: limits: cpus: "2" memory: 512M reservations: memory: 256M4.3 按需启动依赖php: depends_on: mysql: condition: service_healthy redis: condition: service_started五、总结Docker Compose 让多容器应用的定义、运行和管理变得简单。通过合理的目录结构、网络隔离、数据卷管理和健康检查，可以构建出生产级的容器编排方案。